In 1829, Andrew Jackson of Tennessee, the old war horse of the Hermitage, was elected president, and it was during his first term, in March, 1833. that the high tariff act, so obnoxious to the South was modified, and it was during this controversy that the South Carolina representatives grew SO bitter , saying it was unjust and unconstitutional for the government to pass laws that would enrich one section of the country, and impoverish the other; so they followed the example set by the New England States in 1807, and threatened to secede.

In 1833, Andrew Jackson entered upon his second term as president, and it was during this term that the National Bank issue came to the front again.

The Northern men said it was necessary for their trade and commerce, as they had now ceased trading in Negroes and had invested in factories and shipping.

The South denied this necessity and its constitutionality, believing that it would become a political machine in the hands of unscrupulous men and politicians, and would do much harm.

The charter of the United States Bank expired in 1836. During the latter part of Jackson's term another trouble sprang up, upon which the two sections could not agree, this was the internal improvement policy. The South opposed it because it favored one section at the cost of the other. The North said that it did not.

Martin Van Buren, a Jackson man, who was elected to succeed 'Old Hickory' in 1837. During his term a great financial distress came upon the country, and the Northern politicians proposed as a remedy, three things, viz :-A New National Bank, as the charter of the old National Bank had expired in 1836. 2nd -A higher tariff. 3rd-A Bankrupt law.

To all three of these measures the South was opposed, and, alleged that they were not necessary, and had a sectional tendency.

The fight went on until 1841, when William Henry Harrison, of Ohio, was elected president and who soon died, when Vice President John Tyler, of Virginia, succeeded to the presidency.

Although Tyler was a Southern man, Northern policies mostly prevailed; the tariff was raised in 1841, and again in August, 1842.

A bankrupt law was passed in 1841. A law was also passed in July, 1841, dividing the public domain among the respective States according to population; all of these were Northern measures.

The New England people looked at the public domain action this way: by passing it, it would cut off from the Federal treasury the receipts from the public lands, thereby making a higher tariff necessary to insure sufficient revenue for the support of the government.

The new bank act failed, and in eighteen months the bankrupt law was repealed, as was also the public domain act in January, 1842, as it was found necessary to retain these public lands as security for federal loans.

We have now come to the year 1845, when James K. Polk, another son of the old Volunteer State, was promoted to the chief magistracy of the Federal Union.

It was during the early part of his term in July , 1846, that the tariff so sorely oppressive to the South, was modified. The president in a special message to Congress in May, 1846, stated that the Government of Mexico had committed some bellicose acts against the United States Government.

At the reading of this message all sections and all men stopped their internal bickering, and declared war against Mexico, which war lasted until February, 1848, when at the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico ceded to the United States, New Mexico and California.

After the war with Mexico had been fought and won, and General Zachary Taylor of Mississippi, who was one of our most successful Generals, was elected in 1849 to the presidency, the country returned to peace, the old issues between the North and the South were abandoned, viz: A tariff policy, a National Bank, a system of internal improvements, and the division of public lands.

It looked as if we were going to have a millennium, but not so. The recently acquired land offered the politicians of both sections a bone of contention.

They remind the student of history of the John and Simon factions of Jerusalem, that were always at war with each other, but when a common enemy would approach they. would stop their diversions, unite their forces, drive off the enemy; then return to the city and again begin their internecine war. In this way they had so weakened and consumed their strength, when Titus, of Rome, A. D. 72, invaded them, they fell victims to him on account of their own folly.

The North said that no part of this newly ceded territory, viz : California and New Mexico, should be admitted as slave territory; but the South said their joint right of occupancy was incontestable in law and equity; as their blood, valor and money, had done as much as that of the North to win these lands. They proposed as a remedy that Congress extend the old Missouri Compromise line of 36.30 west to the Pacific Coast, and let the portion North of this line be free territory, and that South of it, slave territory.

But the Northern men would not agree to this, they wanted it all, and got it. The feeling was so high then that separation was imminent.

In 1853 Franklin Pierce, of New Hampshire, became president, and during his term the old slavery question was renewed. A portion of our Western territory, that was called Nebraska, was divided into two portions, one was called Kansas and the other Nebraska. The old Missouri Compromise line of 36.30 ran to the South of this territory.

If this line had been in force the South would not have had any right to ask Congress to allow slavery to enter this territory. But on a proposition from Stephen A. Douglas, a Senator from Illinois, this line was repealed.

So it seems as if this territory was open for slavery or not, to be settled by the people both North and South, then be organized into a State, and be admitted into the Union, according to the vote of the people. This being especially the state of affairs in Kansas, the territory that lay nearest and adjoining slave territory.

The Anti-slavery people in the New England States lost no time in organizing emigrant societies to settle in Kansas, and they poured men of their faith into Kansas by the thousands.

Armed men from the North paraded the territory, while a number of men from Missouri and other Southern States had moved into it, with equally strong convictions on the other side.