Alabama Mollusks

Freshwater

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Questions concerning species identification and other comments may be sent to Deborah Wills (dwills@hiwaay.net).

Freshwater Bivalves

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Amblema plicata (Say, 1817)

Threeridge (59.5 mm H x 73 mm L); Interior view of hinge and teeth

Another example (85 mm H x 111 mm L)

Anodonta -- See also: Pyganodon

Anodonta suborbiculata Say, 1831

Flat Floater (94 mm H x 123 mm L); Interior view (open)

Corbicula fluminea (Muller, 1774)

Asian Clam, Asiatic Clam (36 mm H x 34 mm L); 129 (30 mm H x 27.5 mm L); Interior view (open) of hinge and teeth; Another example (48 mm H x 53 mm L)

Cyclonaias tuberculata (Rafinesque, 1820)

Purple Wartyback, Purple Pimpleback (82 mm H x 86 mm L)

Another example (71 mm H x 81 mm L); Interior view (open) of hinge and teeth

Another example (83 mm H x 105 mm L); Interior view (open)

Cyprogenia stegaria (Rafinesque, 1820)

Fanshell (39 mm H x 34 mm W) Single valve

This fossil represents a species that is listed as endangered, but is generally thought to be extinct in the area where it was found.

Dromus dromas (I. Lea, 1834)

Dromedary Pearlymussel (29 mm H x 27 mm W) Single valve

This fossil represents a species that is listed as endangered, but is generally thought to be extinct in the area where it was found.

Ellipsaria lineolata (Rafinesque, 1820)

Butterfly (Left, 61 mm H x 74 mm L); (Right, 81 mm H x 104 mm L); Interior view of hinge and teeth; Other examples (Female, 37.5 mm H x 49 mm L x 17.5 mm W); (32.5 mm H x 46.5 mm L x 16 mm W)

Elliptio crassidens (Lamarck, 1819)

Elephant-Ear, Mule-Ear (50 mm H x 77 mm L); Interior view (open) of hinge and teeth; Another example (97 mm H x 145 mm L); Another example (87 mm H x 125 mm L)

Elliptio dilatata (Rafinesque, 1820)

Spike, Lady-Finger (47 mm H x 109 mm L); Interior view (open)

Elliptio icterina (Conrad, 1834)

Variable Spike (30.5 mm H x 65 mm L); Interior view (open)of hinge and teeth; Hunter Creek, Conecuh County, AL

Epioblasma torulosa (Rafinesque, 1820)

Tubercled blossom (48 mm H x 53 mm W) Single valve

This fossil represents a species that is listed as endangered, but is generally thought to be extinct in the area where it was found.

Fusconaia barnesiana (I. Lea, 1838)

Tennessee Pigtoe (63 mm H x 92 mm L); Interior view of hinge and teeth; Estill Fork, Jackson County, AL

Fusconaia ebena (I. Lea, 1831)

Ebonyshell (61 mm H x 68.5 mm L); Another example (62.5 mm H x 78 mm L)

Fusconaia flava (Rafinesque, 1820) (form undata)

Wabash Pigtoe (83 mm H x 87 mm L)

Fusconaia sp.

(36 mm H x 48.5 mm L); Estill Fork, Jackson County, AL

Glebula rotundata (Lamarck, 1819)

Round Pearlshell (Female on left, 54 mm H x 74 mm L x 45 W); (Male, 48 mm H x 64 mm L x 33 W); Interior view of hinge and teeth; South Alabama

Lampsilis abrupta (Say, 1831)

Pink Mucket; The pink mucket has been listed by the Federal government as endangered.

Lampsilis altilis (Conrad, 1834)

Fine-lined Pocketbook (54 mm H x 86 mm L); Single valve; Chewacla Creek, Macon County,AL (1992)

This species is currently listed as threatened.

Lampsilis ovata (Say, 1817)

Pocketbook (102 mm H x 84 mm L); Another example (74 mm H x 105 mm W)

Lampsilis teres (Rafinesque, 1820)

Yellow Sandshell, Banana Shell; ( Male, 60 mm H x 134 mm L); Interior view of hinge and teeth; Female (52 mm H x 125 mm L); Interior view of hinge and teeth; Juvenile (15 mm H x 36 mm L)

Lasmigona complanata (Barnes, 1823)

White Heelsplitter, Angel Wings (96 mm H x 142 mm L)

Another example (66.5 mm H x 70 mm L) (Measured from the wing top to the ventral margin)

Leptodea fragilis (Rafinesque, 1820)

Fragile Papershell (32 mm H x 59 mm L)

Another example (66 mm H x 110 mm L)

Lexingtonia dolabelloides (I. Lea, 1840)

Slabside Pearlymussel (43 mm H x 60 mm W); Interior view of hinge and teeth;

Paint Rock River system (May 1995)

Ligumia recta (Lamarck, 1819)

Black Sandshell (69 mm H x 170 mm L)

Margaritifera marrianae R.I. Johnson, 1983

Alabama Pearlshell (Male, 43 mm H x 87 mm L); Female (open) (41.5 mm H x 81 mm L); Interior view of hinge and teeth; Hunter Creek, Conecuh County, AL

This species is a candidate for the list of Federally endangered species.

Medionidus conradicus (I. Lea, 1834)

Cumberland Moccasinshell (18.5 mm H x 43 mm L) (Single valve); Interior view (19.5 mm H x 43 mm L) (Single valve); Estill Fork, Jackson County, AL

Megalonaias nervosa (Rafinesque, 1820)

Washboard, Rubboard (96 mm H x 142 mm L); Interior view (open) (86 mm H x 116 mm L) of hinge and teeth

Another example (95 mm H x 140 mm L); Another example (90 mm H x 137 mm L); Another example (82 mm H x 123 mm L)

Obliquaria reflexa Rafinesque, 1820

Threehorn Wartyback, Three Horn (45 mm H x 49.5 mm L); Interior view of hinge and teeth; Tennessee River, Decatur, AL

Another example (53.5 mm H x 60 mm L); (Also called Pink Three Horn because of the pink nacre); South Alabama

Obovaria retusa (Lamarck, 1819)

Ring Pink, Golf stick; This fossil represents a species that is listed as endangered. Occasionally a more recent single valve can be found along the Tennessee River.

Plectomerus dombeyanus (Valenciennes, 1827)

Bankclimber (60.5 mm H x 107.5 mm L); Tombigbee River below Demopolis, AL

Plethobasus cyphyus (Rafinesque, 1820)

Sheepnose, Bullhead (62 mm H x 71 mm W) Single valve

Pleurobema cordatum (Rafinesque, 1820)

Ohio Pigtoe (59 mm H x 53.5 mm L) Single valve; Another example (96 mm H x 110 mm L)

Pleurobema perovatum (Conrad, 1834)

Ovate Clubshell (33 mm H x 51 mm L); Chewacla Creek, Macon County, AL (October 1992); This species is currently listed as endangered.

Pleurobema pyramidatum (I. Lea, 1840)

Pyramid Pigtoe (57 mm H x 84 mm L)

Polymesoda caroliniana (Bosc, 1801)

Carolina Marshclam (32 mm H x 32 mm L); South Alabama

Potamilus alatus (Say, 1817)

Pink Heelsplitter, Heelsplitter (73 mm H x 133 mm L) (106 mm H from top of wing to ventral margin); Interior view (open)

Another example (45 mm H x 88 mm L) (72 mm H from top of wing to ventral margin); Interior view of hinge and teeth

Another example (94 mm H x 145 mm L) (116 mm H from top of wing to ventral margin); Interior view of hinge and teeth

Potamilus ohiensis (Rafinesque, 1820)

Pink Papershell, Papershell (60 mm H x 92 mm L); Interior view of hinge and teeth

Another example (39 mm H x 77 mm L); Interior view of hinge and teeth; Another example (33 mm H x 60 mm L)

Potamilus purpuratus (Lamarck, 1819)

Bleufer, Purple Shell, Pink Granny (80 mm H x 97 mm L); Interior view (open)

Ptychobranchus fasciolaris (Rafinesque, 1820)

Kidneyshell (49 mm H x 83 mm W); Tennessee River

Pyganodon (=Anodonta) grandis (Say, 1829)

Giant Floater, Floater (104 mm H x 151 mm L)

Another example (105 mm H x 171 mm L); Interior view (open); Interior view (open); Another example (68 mm H x 105 mm L)

Quadrula apiculata (Say, 1829)

Southern Mapleleaf (69 mm H x 76 mm L x 52 mm W); Interior view of hinge and teeth; Lay Lake, Coosa/Chilton Counties, AL

Another example: (Male, 52 mm H x 59 mm L x 32.5 mm W); (Female, 50.5 mm H x 62 mm L x 37 mm W); South Alabama

Quadrula asperata (I. Lea, 1861)

Alabama Orb (55.5 mm H x 64.5 mm L); Interior view of hinge and teeth; Chewacla Creek, Macon County, AL

Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica (Say, 1817)

Rabbitsfoot, Cob Shell (34 mm H x 81 mm L); Interior view of hinge and teeth; North Alabama (Tennessee River System)

Quadrula metanevra (Rafinesque, 1820)

Monkeyface (73 mm H x 97 mm L)

Quadrula pustulosa (I. Lea, 1831)

Pimpleback (60 mm H x 59 mm L); Interior view of hinge and teeth; Tennessee River, Decatur, AL

Quadrula quadrula (Rafinesque, 1820)

Mapleleaf (61 mm H x 71 mm L); Interior view of hinge and teeth

Another example (43 mm H x 49 mm L); A very pustular specimen (57 mm H x 70 mm L)

Toxolasma parvus (Barnes, 1823)

Lilliput (14.5 mm H x 27 mm L); Another example (14.5 mm H x 27 mm L)

Toxolasma paulus (I. Lea, 1840)

Iridescent Lilliput (22 mm H x 39 mm L); Interior view of hinge and teeth; Hunter Creek, Conecuh County, AL

Tritogonia verrucosa (Rafinesque, 1820)

Pistolgrip, Buckhorn (Female, 61 mm H x 128 mm L); Interior view of hinge and teeth; Another Female (66 mm H x 122 mm L); Male (66 mm H x 107 mm L)

Truncilla donaciformis (I. Lea, 1828)

Fawnsfoot (17.5 mm H x 27 mm L)

Uniomerus caroliniana (Bosc, 1801)

Florida Pondhorn (37 mm H x 77 mm L); Interior view of hinge and teeth (Interior stained and deteriorated); Hunter Creek, Conecuh County, AL

Utterbackia (=Anodonta) imbecillis (Say, 1829)

Paper Pondshell, Paper Floater; (21 mm H x 40 mm L)

Villosa iris (I. Lea, 1829)

Rainbow (Left, 28 mm H x 54 mm L); (Right, 20 mm H x 39 mm L); Interior view of hinge and teeth; Estill Fork, Jackson County, AL

Villosa lienosa (Conrad, 1834)

Little Spectaclecase (Male on left, 28 mm H x 55 mm L); (Female, 23 mm H x 44 mm L); Interior view of hinge and teeth; Hunter Creek, Conecuh County, AL

Villosa taeniata (Conrad, 1834)

Painted Creekshell (34 mm H x 55 mm L); Estill Fork, Jackson County, AL

Villosa vanuxemensis (I. Lea, 1838)

Mountain Creekshell (Female on left, 23.5 mm H x 40 mm L); (Male, 30 mm H x 50 mm L); Interior view of hinge and teeth; Another example (21 mm H x 35 mm L); Estill Fork, Jackson County, AL

Villosa vibex (Conrad, 1834)

Southern Rainbow (30 mm H x 60 mm L); Hunter Creek, Conecuh County, AL

Miniatures/juveniles (Next to a dress pin)

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